Bootstrap 布局

2018-11-08 17:38 更新

Bootstrap 布局

簡(jiǎn)介

在本教程中，您將學(xué)習(xí)如何使用 Bootstrap 工具包來(lái)創(chuàng)建固定布局和流動(dòng)布局。教程是基于 Bootstrap 版本 2.0。

在版本 2.0 中，Bootstrap 為手機(jī)、平板電腦、筆記本、小型臺(tái)式機(jī)、大型寬屏臺(tái)式機(jī)等添加了響應(yīng)特性。
可以通過(guò)向頁(yè)面添加 bootstrap-responsive.css 文件（位于 docs\assets\css 下）來(lái)讓布局具有響應(yīng)性。

Bootstrap 固定布局

如果您想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建基于固定像素?cái)?shù)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)或 app，請(qǐng)看這部分的教程。

用法

<body>
  <div class="container">
    ...
  </div>
</body>

解釋

bootstrap.css（位于 bootstrap 的主文件夾的 docs\assets\css 下）的第 261 到 273 行，為創(chuàng)建主容器渲染樣式，從而創(chuàng)建一個(gè)固定布局。固定布局的目的是為網(wǎng)頁(yè)或 app 創(chuàng)建一個(gè) 940 像素（默認(rèn)）寬的布局。

Bootstrap 固定布局的實(shí)例

下面的代碼創(chuàng)建一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)固定布局。為了定制，除了默認(rèn)樣式，還需創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的 css 文件 example-fixed-layout.css，與 bootstrap.css 位于同一個(gè)文件夾下。

CSS 代碼

body {
padding-top: 60px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.nav li {
padding-top: 5px;
}
.leaderboard {
padding: 60px;
margin-bottom: 30px;
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
background-repeat:repeat;
-webkit-border-radius: 6px;
-moz-border-radius: 6px;
border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
font-size: 40px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
line-height: 1;
letter-spacing: -1px;
color:#FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: 200;
line-height: 27px;
}

HTML 代碼

實(shí)例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>使用Bootstrap 版本 2.0 固定布局的實(shí)例</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="Example of Fixed Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from w3cschool.cn">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <!-- Le styles -->
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fixed-layout.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png">
</head>

<body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="navbar-inner">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </a>
                <a class="brand" href="#">
                    <img src="/images/w3r.png" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a>
                <div class="nav-collapse">
                    <ul class="nav">
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="#">Home</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#about">About</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div>
                <!--/.nav-collapse --></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="container">
        <!-- Main hero unit for a primary marketing message or call to action -->
        <div class="leaderboard">
            <h1>w3cschool Web Store</h1>
            <p>Try and purchase HTML5, JS, Ruby, PHP-MySQL based web apps to enhance your productivity at affordable price.</p>
            <p>
                <a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Sign Up for a 30 day free trial</a></p>
        </div>
        <!-- Example row of columns -->
        <div class="row">
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>HTML5 and JS Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh,ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>Ruby Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh,ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
            <div class="span4">
                <h2>PHP MySQL Apps</h2>
                <p>Donec sed odio dui. Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.</p>
                <p>
                    <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">View apps</a></p>
            </div>
        </div>
        <hr>
        <footer>
            <p>&copy; Company 2012</p>
        </footer>
    </div>
    <!-- /container -->
    <!-- Le javascript==================================================- ->
    <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

輸出

bootstrap fixed layout example

在線查看

在不同的瀏覽器窗口查看上面實(shí)例。

Bootstrap 流動(dòng)布局

如果想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)非固定的布局，即基于百分比的布局，以便讓布局更靈活，請(qǐng)看這部分教程。

用法

<div class="container-fluid">
  <div class="row-fluid">
    <div class="span2">
      <!--Sidebar content-->
    </div>
    <div class="span10">
      <!--Body content-->
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

解釋

bootstrap.css（位于 bootstrap 的主文件夾的 docs\assets\css 下）的第 274 到 285 行，為創(chuàng)建主容器渲染樣式，從而創(chuàng)建一個(gè)流動(dòng)布局。流動(dòng)布局的目的是為網(wǎng)頁(yè)或 app 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)基于百分比的布局（比如，width=20%）。

Bootstrap 流動(dòng)布局的實(shí)例

下面的代碼創(chuàng)建一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)流動(dòng)布局。為了定制，除了默認(rèn)樣式，還需創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的 css 文件 example-fluid-layout.css，與 bootstrap.css 位于同一個(gè)文件夾下。

CSS 代碼

 body {
        padding-top: 60px;
        padding-bottom: 40px;
      }
	  .nav li {
	  padding-top: 5px;
	  }
	  
	  .sidebar-nav {
        padding: 9px 0;
      }
	  .leaderboard {
  padding: 60px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
  background-repeat:repeat;
  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
  -moz-border-radius: 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}
.leaderboard h1 {
  font-size: 40px;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -1px;
  color:#FF6600;
}
.leaderboard p {
  font-size: 18px;
  font-weight: 200;
  line-height: 27px;
}

.well {
background-image: url('/twitter-bootstrap/images/gridbg.gif');
  background-repeat:repeat;
  -webkit-border-radius: 6px;
  -moz-border-radius: 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.nav .nav-header {
font-size: 18px;
color:#FF9900;
}

HTML 代碼

實(shí)例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>使用Bootstrap 版本 2.0 固定布局的實(shí)例</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta name="description" content="Example of Fluid Layout with Bootstrap version 2.0 from w3cschool.cn">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <!-- Le styles -->
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/css/example-fluid-layout.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
    <script src="//html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    <!-- Le fav and touch icons -->
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png">
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/examples/images/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"></head>

<body>
    <div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top">
        <div class="navbar-inner">
            <div class="container-fluid">
                <a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                    <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                </a>
                <a class="brand" href="#">
                    <img src="/images/w3r.png" width="111" height="30" alt="w3cschool logo" /></a>
                <div class="nav-collapse">
                    <ul class="nav">
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="#">Home</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#about">About</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
                    </ul>
                    <p class="navbar-text pull-right">Logged in as
                        <a href="#">username</a></p>
                </div>
                <!--/.nav-collapse --></div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row-fluid">
            <div class="span3">
                <div class="well sidebar-nav">
                    <ul class="nav nav-list">
                        <li class="nav-header">Frontend</li>
                        <li class="active">
                            <a href="#">HTML 4.01</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">HTML5</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">CSS</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">JavaScript</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">Twitter Bootstrap</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">Firebug</a></li>
                        <li class="nav-header">Backend</li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">PHP</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">SQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">MySQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">PostgreSQL</a></li>
                        <li>
                            <a href="#">MongoDB</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </div><!--/.well -->
            </div><!--/span-->
            <div class="span9">
                <div class="leaderboard">
                    <h1>Learn. Practice. Develop.</h1>
                    <p>w3cschool offers web development tutorials. We believe in Open Source. Love standards. And prioritize simplicity and readability while serving content.</p>
                    <p>
                        <a class="btn btn-success btn-large">Join w3cschool now</a></p>
                </div>
                <div class="row-fluid">
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Learn</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start Learning now</a></p>
                    </div><!--/span-->
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Practice</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start percticing now</a></p>
                    </div>
                    <!--/span-->
                    <div class="span4">
                        <h2>Develop</h2>
                        <p>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus. Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod. Donec sed odio dui.</p>
                        <p>
                            <a class="btn btn-success btn-large" href="#">Start developing now</a></p>
                    </div><!--/span-->
                </div><!--/row-->
                <hr>
                <footer>
                    <p>&copy; Company 2012</p>
                </footer>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div><!--/.fluid-container-->
    
    <!-- Le javascript==================================================- ->
    <!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/jquery.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-transition.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-alert.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-modal.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-dropdown.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-scrollspy.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tab.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-tooltip.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-popover.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-button.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-collapse.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-carousel.js"></script>
    <script src="../bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap-v2/docs/assets/js/bootstrap-typeahead.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

輸出

bootstrap fluid layout example

在線查看

在不同的瀏覽器窗口查看上面實(shí)例。

點(diǎn)擊這里，下載本教程中使用到的所有 HTML、CSS、JS 和圖片文件。

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