在攝像領(lǐng)域中全景圖是一種可以將周圍360度景象全部收錄的一種拍照技術(shù)，但全景圖的實(shí)際觀感并不是那么好（可以看下文的全景圖的樣例）。我們可以通過matlab來進(jìn)行全景圖的切割，然后轉(zhuǎn)化為盒圖的方式顯示出來。
part1 全景圖切割
原圖：
切割效果：
以下是切割部分步驟：
舉這張圖為例，圖片格式hdr,jpg啥的都行：
1.1 邊緣剔除
有些全景圖會(huì)自帶白灰色邊緣，若是直接進(jìn)行切割便會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下效果：
這時(shí)候我們首先要對(duì)原圖進(jìn)行白邊剔除，代碼如下：
oriPic=imread('test.hdr');
[rows,cols,~]=size(oriPic);
for i=cols:-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListG=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListB=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(:,i,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(:,end:-1:1,:);
for i=size(oriPic,2):-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListG=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListB=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(:,i,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(:,end:-1:1,:);
for i=rows:-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListG=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListB=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(i,:,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(end:-1:1,:,:);
for i=size(oriPic,1):-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListG=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListB=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(i,:,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(end:-1:1,:,:);
1.2 圖像裁剪
我們要讓完成的就是如下的變換和裁剪：
這部分其實(shí)已經(jīng)有較為成熟的原理和代碼：
代碼參考：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29678510/convert-21-equirectangular-panorama-to-cube-map
原理參考：
http://paulbourke.net/panorama/cubemaps/#1
http://paulbourke.net/panorama/cubemaps/
原理參考文章中更加清晰的變化圖：
另：
在參考代碼的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)映射像素進(jìn)行了插值處理，可以使圖像更加平滑，原理如下：
主要函數(shù)代碼：
function resultPic=createCubeMapFace(oriPic,id,height,width)
[M,N,~]=size(oriPic);
resultPic=zeros([height,width,3]);
an=sin(pi/4);
ak=cos(pi/4);
faceTransform=[0,0;
pi/2,0;
pi,0;
-pi/2,0;
0,-pi/2;
0,pi];
ftu=faceTransform(id,1);
ftv=faceTransform(id,2);
for y=0:height-1
for x=0:width-1
nx=y/height-0.5;
ny=x/width-0.5;
nx=nx*2*an;
ny=ny*2*an;
if (ftv == 0)
u=atan2(nx, ak);
v=atan2(ny*cos(u),ak);
u=u+ftu;
elseif(ftv>0)
d=sqrt(nx*nx+ny*ny);
v=pi/2-atan2(d,ak);
u=atan2(ny,nx);
else
d=sqrt(nx*nx+ny*ny);
v=-pi/2+atan2(d,ak);
u=atan2(-ny,nx);
end
u=u/(pi);
v=v/(pi/2);
while(v<-1)
v=v+2;
u=u+1;
end
while(v>1)
v=v-2;
u=u+1;
end
while(u<-1)
u=u+2;
end
while(u>1)
u=u-2;
end
u=u/2+0.5;
v=v/2+0.5;
u=u*(N-1)+1;
v=v*(M-1)+1;
fv=floor(v);fv1=floor(v)+1;pv=v-fv;fv1(fv1>M)=M;
fu=floor(u);fu1=floor(u)+1;pu=u-fu;fu1(fu1>N)=N;
resultPic(x+1,y+1,:)=double(oriPic(fv,fu,:)).*(1-pv).*(1-pu)+...
double(oriPic(fv1,fu,:)).*(pv).*(1-pu)+...
double(oriPic(fv,fu1,:)).*(1-pv).*(pu)+...
double(oriPic(fv1,fu1,:)).*(pv).*(pu);
end
end
resultPic=uint8(resultPic);
end
函數(shù)調(diào)用及圖像存儲(chǔ)：
這里后面長寬數(shù)值可以任意設(shè)定，但是要求長寬數(shù)值一致，如果按照當(dāng)前寫法，結(jié)果被存儲(chǔ)至result文件夾：
if ~exist('result','dir')
mkdir('result');
end
for i=1:6
resultPic=createCubeMapFace(oriPic,i,500,500);
figure(i)
imshow(resultPic)
imwrite(resultPic,['result',num2str(i),'.jpg'])
end
另： 如圖所示
圖片序號(hào)[1,2,3,4,5,6]分別對(duì)應(yīng)圖片[右，后，左，前，上，下]
1.3 完整代碼
function panoramic2box
oriPic=imread('889027-884424860.jpg');
[rows,cols,~]=size(oriPic);
for i=cols:-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListG=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListB=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(:,i,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(:,end:-1:1,:);
for i=size(oriPic,2):-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListG=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
tempListB=oriPic(floor(rows/4):ceil(3*rows/4),i,1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(:,i,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(:,end:-1:1,:);
for i=rows:-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListG=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListB=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(i,:,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(end:-1:1,:,:);
for i=size(oriPic,1):-1:1
tempListR=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListG=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
tempListB=oriPic(i,floor(cols/4):ceil(3*cols/4),1);
if all(round(tempListR-mean(tempListR))==0)&&all(tempListR==tempListG)&&all(tempListR==tempListB)
oriPic(i,:,:)=[];
else
break;
end
end
oriPic=oriPic(end:-1:1,:,:);
% =========================================================================
if ~exist('result','dir')
mkdir('result');
end
for i=1:6
resultPic=createCubeMapFace(oriPic,i,500,500);
figure(i)
imshow(resultPic)
imwrite(resultPic,['result',num2str(i),'.jpg'])
end
% =========================================================================
function resultPic=createCubeMapFace(oriPic,id,height,width)
[M,N,~]=size(oriPic);
resultPic=zeros([height,width,3]);
an=sin(pi/4);
ak=cos(pi/4);
faceTransform=[0,0;
pi/2,0;
pi,0;
-pi/2,0;
0,-pi/2;
0,pi];
ftu=faceTransform(id,1);
ftv=faceTransform(id,2);
for y=0:height-1
for x=0:width-1
nx=y/height-0.5;
ny=x/width-0.5;
nx=nx*2*an;
ny=ny*2*an;
if (ftv == 0)
u=atan2(nx, ak);
v=atan2(ny*cos(u),ak);
u=u+ftu;
elseif(ftv>0)
d=sqrt(nx*nx+ny*ny);
v=pi/2-atan2(d,ak);
u=atan2(ny,nx);
else
d=sqrt(nx*nx+ny*ny);
v=-pi/2+atan2(d,ak);
u=atan2(-ny,nx);
end
u=u/(pi);
v=v/(pi/2);
while(v<-1)
v=v+2;
u=u+1;
end
while(v>1)
v=v-2;
u=u+1;
end
while(u<-1)
u=u+2;
end
while(u>1)
u=u-2;
end
u=u/2+0.5;
v=v/2+0.5;
u=u*(N-1)+1;
v=v*(M-1)+1;
fv=floor(v);fv1=floor(v)+1;pv=v-fv;fv1(fv1>M)=M;
fu=floor(u);fu1=floor(u)+1;pu=u-fu;fu1(fu1>N)=N;
resultPic(x+1,y+1,:)=double(oriPic(fv,fu,:)).*(1-pv).*(1-pu)+...
double(oriPic(fv1,fu,:)).*(pv).*(1-pu)+...
double(oriPic(fv,fu1,:)).*(1-pv).*(pu)+...
double(oriPic(fv1,fu1,:)).*(pv).*(pu);
end
end
resultPic=uint8(resultPic);
end
end
1.4 其他幾組切割結(jié)果
圖片源自：https://www.cgmodel.com/article/9004.html
part2 盒圖展示
2.1 曲面繪制
使用surf繪制各個(gè)曲面后，并為各個(gè)曲面貼圖：
for i=1:6
oriPic.(['p',num2str(i)])=imread(['result',num2str(i),'.jpg']);
end
[rows,cols,~]=size(oriPic.p1);
[baseXY,baseZ]=meshgrid(1:cols,rows:-1:1);
ax=gca;hold(ax,'on')
surf(baseXY(:,end:-1:1)-(1+rows)/2,-(rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p1,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(-(rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseXY-(1+rows)/2,baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p2,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY-(1+rows)/2,(rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p3,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf((rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseXY(:,end:-1:1)-(1+rows)/2,baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p4,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY'-(1+rows)/2,baseXY-(1+rows)/2,ones(size(baseXY)),'CData',oriPic.p6(end:-1:1,end:-1:1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY'-(1+rows)/2,baseXY-(1+rows)/2,rows-1+ones(size(baseXY)),'CData',oriPic.p5(:,end:-1:1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
2.2 視角調(diào)整
通過設(shè)置axes屬性將視角調(diào)整至盒子里面
ax=axes('parent',fig,'position',[-0.45 -0.45 1.9 1.9]);hold(ax,'on')
ax.ZLim=[0,rows+1];
ax.XLim=[0-(1+rows)/2,rows+1-(1+rows)/2];
ax.YLim=[0-(1+rows)/2,rows+1-(1+rows)/2];
ax.Color=[0 0 0];
ax.CameraPosition=[0,0,rows/2];
ax.CameraPositionMode='manual';
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatioMode='manual';
ax.Projection='perspective';
ax.CameraTargetMode='manual';
ax.CameraViewAngle = 7;
ax.View=[-2.7391 90.0000];
ax.CameraTarget=[0 0 (rows-1)/2];
ax.Toolbar.Visible='on';
運(yùn)行后點(diǎn)擊那個(gè)三位旋轉(zhuǎn)按鈕即可開始漫游
此時(shí)的盒圖是無縫隙版本，有縫隙版放在后面
2.3 完整代碼
無縫隙版：
function showBox
for i=1:6
oriPic.(['p',num2str(i)])=imread(['result',num2str(i),'.jpg']);
end
[rows,cols,~]=size(oriPic.p1);
[baseXY,baseZ]=meshgrid(1:cols,rows:-1:1);
fig=figure('units','pixels','position',[300 80 500 500],...
'Numbertitle','off','menubar','none','resize','off',...
'name','box');
ax=axes('parent',fig,'position',[-0.45 -0.45 1.9 1.9]);hold(ax,'on')
ax.ZLim=[0,rows+1];
ax.XLim=[0-(1+rows)/2,rows+1-(1+rows)/2];
ax.YLim=[0-(1+rows)/2,rows+1-(1+rows)/2];
ax.Color=[0 0 0];
ax.CameraPosition=[0,0,rows/2];
ax.CameraPositionMode='manual';
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatioMode='manual';
ax.Projection='perspective';
ax.CameraTargetMode='manual';
ax.CameraViewAngle = 7;
ax.View=[-2.7391 90.0000];
ax.CameraTarget=[0 0 (rows-1)/2];
ax.Toolbar.Visible='on';
surf(baseXY(:,end:-1:1)-(1+rows)/2,-(rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p1,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(-(rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseXY-(1+rows)/2,baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p2,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY-(1+rows)/2,(rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p3,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf((rows-1)./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseXY(:,end:-1:1)-(1+rows)/2,baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p4,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY'-(1+rows)/2,baseXY-(1+rows)/2,ones(size(baseXY)),'CData',oriPic.p6(end:-1:1,end:-1:1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY'-(1+rows)/2,baseXY-(1+rows)/2,rows-1+ones(size(baseXY)),'CData',oriPic.p5(:,end:-1:1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
end
有縫隙版：
function showBox2
for i=1:6
oriPic.(['p',num2str(i)])=imread(['result',num2str(i),'.jpg']);
end
[rows,cols,~]=size(oriPic.p1);
[baseXY,baseZ]=meshgrid(1:cols,rows:-1:1);
fig=figure('units','pixels','position',[300 80 500 500],...
'Numbertitle','off','menubar','none','resize','off',...
'name','box');
ax=axes('parent',fig,'position',[-0.45 -0.45 1.9 1.9]);hold(ax,'on')
ax.ZLim=[0,rows+1];
ax.XLim=[0-(1+rows)/2,rows+1-(1+rows)/2];
ax.YLim=[0-(1+rows)/2,rows+1-(1+rows)/2];
ax.Color=[0 0 0];
ax.CameraPosition=[0,0,rows/2];
ax.CameraPositionMode='manual';
ax.DataAspectRatio=[1,1,1];
ax.DataAspectRatioMode='manual';
ax.Projection='perspective';
ax.CameraTargetMode='manual';
ax.CameraViewAngle = 7;
ax.View=[-2.7391 90.0000];
ax.CameraTarget=[0 0 (rows+1)/2];
ax.Toolbar.Visible='on';
surf(baseXY(:,end:-1:1)-rows/2,-rows./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p1,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(-rows./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseXY-(1+rows)/2,baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p2,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY-(1+rows)/2,rows./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p3,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(rows./2.*ones(size(baseXY)),baseXY(:,end:-1:1)-(1+rows)/2,baseZ,'CData',oriPic.p4,'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY'-(1+rows)/2,baseXY-(1+rows)/2,zeros(size(baseXY)),'CData',oriPic.p6(end:-1:1,end:-1:1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
surf(baseXY'-(1+rows)/2,baseXY-(1+rows)/2,rows+ones(size(baseXY)),'CData',oriPic.p5(:,end:-1:1,:),'EdgeColor','none','FaceColor','interp')
end
以上就是MATLAB 全景圖切割及盒圖顯示的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，更多關(guān)于MATLAB的學(xué)習(xí)資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注W3Cschool其它相關(guān)文章！
