一、軟件設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)
- 對(duì)于初學(xué)者來說，弄清框架顯得尤為重要
- 首先該軟件有以下三種模塊組成
二、MVC設(shè)計(jì)模式
模型層：Customer處理數(shù)據(jù)
控制層：CustomerList處理業(yè)務(wù)邏輯
視圖層：CustomerView顯示數(shù)據(jù)
以下三點(diǎn)建議結(jié)合代碼理解
1.Customer為實(shí)體對(duì)象，用于封裝客戶信息
2.CustomerList為Customer對(duì)象的管理模塊，內(nèi)部用數(shù)組管理一組Customer對(duì)象，并提供相應(yīng)的添加、修改、刪除和遍歷的方法，供CustomerView調(diào)用
3.CustomerView為主模塊，負(fù)責(zé)菜單的顯示和處理用戶操作
四個(gè)類都在同一包下
三、Customer
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
public class Customer {
private String name;//姓名
private char gender;//性別
private int age;//年齡
private String phone;//電話
private String email;//郵箱
public Customer() {
}
public Customer(String name, char gender, int age, String phone, String email) {
this.name = name;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
this.phone = phone;
this.email = email;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public char getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(char gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
四、CustomerList
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
public class CustomerList {
private Customer[] customers;//客戶列表
private int total = 0;//記錄已保存顧客數(shù)量
//構(gòu)造器
public CustomerList(int totalCustomer) {
customers = new Customer[totalCustomer];
}
//方法
/**
* 添加客戶
* return：true添加成功，false：添加失敗
*/
public boolean addCustomer(Customer customer){
if (total < customers.length) {
customers[total] = customer;
total++;
return true;
}else return false;
}
/**
* 修改指定索引位置上的客戶信息
* @param index
* @param cust
* @return true：修改成功 false修改失敗
*/
public boolean replaceCustomer(int index,Customer cust){
if (index < 0 || index >= total) {
return false;
}else{
customers[index] = cust;
return true;
}
}
/**
* 刪除指定索引位置上的客戶
* @param index
* @return true刪除成功 false刪除失敗
*/
public boolean deleteCustomer(int index){
if (index >= 0 && index < total) {
for (int i = index; i < total - 1; i++) {
customers[i] = customers[i+1];
}
customers[--total] = null;
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* 獲取所有客戶信息
* @return 數(shù)組
*/
public Customer[] getAllCustomers(){
//null的部分不返回
Customer[] custs = new Customer[total];
for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
custs[i] = customers[i];
}
return custs;
}
/**
* 獲取指定索引位置上的客戶
*/
public Customer getCustomer(int index){
if (index >= 0 && index < total) {
return customers[index];
}else return null;
}
/**
* 獲取存儲(chǔ)客戶的數(shù)量
*/
public int getTotal() {
return total;
}
/**
* 獲取最大能儲(chǔ)存客戶的數(shù)量
*/
public int getCustomer(){
return customers.length;
}
}
五、CustomerView
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
public class CustomerView {
private CustomerList customerList = new CustomerList(10);
public CustomerView() {
Customer cust = new Customer("李明",'男',19,"12349982563","lm@gmail.com");
customerList.addCustomer(cust);
}
public void enterMainMenu(){
//顯示主頁面
boolean isFlag = true;
while(isFlag){
System.out.println("-----------------客戶信息管理軟件-----------------");
System.out.println(" 1 添加客戶");
System.out.println(" 2 修改客戶 ");
System.out.println(" 3 刪除客戶 ");
System.out.println(" 4 客戶列表 ");
System.out.println(" 5 退 出 ");
System.out.println(" 請(qǐng)選擇（1-5）： ");
char selection = CMUtility.readMenuSelection();
switch (selection) {
case '1':
addNewCustomer();
break;
case '2':
modifyCustomer();
break;
case '3':
deleteCustomer();
break;
case '4':
listAllCustomers();
break;
case '5':
System.out.print("是否確認(rèn)退出（Y/N）：");
char isExit = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (isExit == 'Y') {
isFlag = false;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 添加客戶
*/
public void addNewCustomer(){
System.out.println("-----------------添加客戶-----------------");
System.out.print("姓名：");
String name = CMUtility.readString(10);
System.out.print("性別：");
char gender = CMUtility.readChar();
System.out.print("年齡：");
int age = CMUtility.readInt();
System.out.print("電話：");
String phone = CMUtility.readString(13);
System.out.print("郵箱：");
String email = CMUtility.readString(30);
Customer customer = new Customer(name,gender,age,phone,email);
boolean isSuccess = customerList.addCustomer(customer);
if(isSuccess){
System.out.println("-----------------添加成功-----------------");
}else{
System.out.println("---------------目錄已滿，添加失敗---------------");
}
}
/**
* 修改客戶
*/
public void modifyCustomer(){
System.out.println("-----------------修改客戶-----------------");
Customer cust;
int num;
for (;;) {
System.out.print("請(qǐng)輸入要修改的客戶序號(hào)(輸入-1退出)：");
num = CMUtility.readInt();
if (num == -1) {
return;
}
cust = customerList.getCustomer(num - 1);
if (cust == null) {
System.out.println("無法找到指定客戶!");
} else {
break;
}
}
System.out.println("姓名（"+cust.getName()+"）：");
String name = CMUtility.readString(10, cust.getName());
System.out.println("性別（"+cust.getGender()+"）：");
char gender = CMUtility.readChar( cust.getGender());
System.out.println("年齡（"+cust.getAge()+"）：");
int age = CMUtility.readInt(cust.getAge());
System.out.println("電話（"+cust.getPhone()+"）：");
String tel = CMUtility.readString(11, cust.getPhone());
System.out.println("郵箱（"+cust.getEmail()+"）：");
String email = CMUtility.readString(15, cust.getEmail());
Customer newCust = new Customer(name,gender,age,tel,email);
boolean isReplaced = customerList.replaceCustomer(num - 1, newCust);
if (isReplaced) {
System.out.println("-----------------修 改 成 功----------------- ");
} else {
System.out.println("-----------------修 改 失 敗----------------- ");
}
}
/**
* 刪除客戶
*/
public void deleteCustomer(){
System.out.println("-----------------刪除客戶-----------------");
Customer cust;
int index;
for (;;) {
System.out.print("請(qǐng)輸入要?jiǎng)h除的客戶序號(hào)(輸入-1退出)：");
index = CMUtility.readInt();
if (index == -1) {
return;
}
cust = customerList.getCustomer(index - 1);
if (cust == null) {
System.out.println("無法找到客戶!");
} else {
break;
}
}
System.out.print("是否確認(rèn)刪除（Y/N）：");
char isDelete = CMUtility.readConfirmSelection();
if (isDelete == 'Y') {
boolean deleteSuccess = customerList.deleteCustomer(index - 1);
if (deleteSuccess) {
System.out.println("-----------------刪除成功-----------------");
} else {
System.out.println("-----------------刪除失敗-----------------");
}
}else{
return;
}
}
/**
* 顯示客戶列表的操作
*/
public void listAllCustomers(){
System.out.println("-------------------客 戶 列 表------------------
");
int total = customerList.getTotal();
if (total == 0) {
System.out.println("沒有客戶記錄！");
}else {
System.out.println("編號(hào) 姓名 性別 年齡 電話 郵箱");
Customer[] custList = customerList.getAllCustomers();
for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
System.out.println(i+1 + " " + custList[i].getName()+
" " + custList[i].getGender()+" " + custList[i].getAge()+
" " + custList[i].getPhone()+" " + custList[i].getEmail()+" ");
}
}
System.out.println("-----------------客戶列表完成-----------------
");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomerView view = new CustomerView();
view.enterMainMenu();
}
}
六、CMUtility
package org.atjinzhao.customer;
import java.util.*;
public class CMUtility {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//System.out.println(readMenuSelection());
}
private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
/**
* 用于界面菜單的選擇。該方法讀取鍵盤用戶鍵入的‘1'-‘5'的任意字符，方法返回。
*
*/
public static char readMenuSelection() {
// 獲取功能選擇
char c;
for (;;) {
String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c != '1' && c != '2' && c != '3' && c != '4' && c != '5') {
System.out.println("選擇錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新輸入：");
} else break;
}
return c;
}
/**
* 從鍵盤讀取一個(gè)字符，并將其作為方法的返回值。
* 獲取性別
*/
public static char readChar(){
String str = readKeyBoard(1,false);
return str.charAt(0);
}
/**
*從鍵盤讀取一個(gè)字符，并將其作為方法的返回值。
*如果用戶不輸入字符而回車，方法將以defaultValue 作為返回值。
*
*/
public static char readChar(char defaultValue){
String str = readKeyBoard(1,true);
return (str.length()==0)? defaultValue : str.charAt(0);
}
/**
* 從鍵盤讀取一個(gè)長度不超過2位的整數(shù)，并將其作為方法的返回值。
* 獲取年齡
*/
public static int readInt(){
int n;
for(;;){
String str = readKeyBoard(2,false);
try{
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
}catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("數(shù)字輸入錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新輸入:");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
*從鍵盤讀取一個(gè)字符，并將其作為方法的返回值。
*如果用戶不輸入字符而回車，方法將以defaultValue 作為返回值。
*/
public static int readInt(int defaultValue){
//修改年齡信息時(shí)，不輸入信息直接回車
int n;
for (; ; ) {
String str = readKeyBoard(2,true);
if (str.equals("")) {
return defaultValue;
}
try{
n = Integer.parseInt(str);
break;
}catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.print("數(shù)字輸入錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新輸入:");
}
}
return n;
}
/**
* 從鍵盤讀取一個(gè)長度不超過limit的字符串，并將其作為方法的返回值。
*/
public static String readString(int limit){
return readKeyBoard(limit,false);
}
/**
* 從鍵盤讀取一個(gè)長度不超過limit的字符串，并將其作為方法的返回值。
* 如果用戶不輸入字符而直接回車，方法將以defaultVaue作為返回值。
*/
public static String readString(int limit,String defaultValue){
//修改姓名、電話、郵箱時(shí)，不輸入信息直接回車
String str = readKeyBoard(limit,true);
return str.equals("") ? defaultValue : str;
}
/**
* 用于確認(rèn)選擇的輸入。該方法從鍵盤讀取‘Y'或‘N'，并將其作為方法的返回值。
*/
public static char readConfirmSelection(){
//獲取確認(rèn)的輸入
char c;
for( ; ; ){
String str = readKeyBoard(1,false).toUpperCase();
c = str.charAt(0);
if (c=='Y' || c=='N') {
break;
} else {
System.out.print("選擇錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新輸入: ");
}
}
return c;
}
private static String readKeyBoard(int limit,boolean blankReturn){
String line = "";
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
line = scanner.nextLine();
if (line.length() == 0) {
if (blankReturn) return line;
else continue;
}
if (line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit){
System.out.println("輸入長度（不大于" + limit + "）錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)重新輸入“");
continue;
}
break;
}
return line;
}
}
本篇關(guān)于使用Java實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶信息管理系統(tǒng)的實(shí)戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目就介紹到此結(jié)束了，如果您對(duì)Java其他實(shí)戰(zhàn)項(xiàng)目有興趣，請(qǐng)搜索W3Cschool以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章，也希望大家以后多多支持！
